C# WinForms父子窗体传值详解（winform父窗体向子窗体传值）

编码文章call10242025-08-18 3:58:322A⁺A^-

在C#的WinForms应用程序开发中,父子窗体之间的数据传递是一个常见且重要的话题。本文将详细介绍几种实现父子窗体传值的方法,并提供丰富的代码示例。

构造函数传值

这是最简单直接的方法,适用于在创建子窗体时就知道要传递的值的情况。

示例代码

// 父窗体
public partial class ParentForm : Form
{
    public ParentForm()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    private void btnOpenChild_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        string message = "Hello from Parent!";
        ChildForm childForm = new ChildForm(message);
        childForm.Show();
    }
}

// 子窗体
public partial class ChildForm : Form
{
    public ChildForm(string message)
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        lblMessage.Text = message;
    }
}

公共属性传值

通过在子窗体中定义公共属性,我们可以在创建子窗体后,显示之前设置值。

示例代码

// 父窗体
public partial class ParentForm : Form
{
    private void btnOpenChild_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        ChildForm childForm = new ChildForm();
        childForm.Message = "Hello from Parent!";
        childForm.Show();
    }
}

// 子窗体
public partial class ChildForm : Form
{
    private string _message;
    public string Message
    {
        get { return _message; }
        set 
        { 
            _message = value;
            lblMessage.Text = _message; // 更新UI
        }
    }

    public ChildForm()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }
}

委托和事件传值

这种方法允许子窗体向父窗体传递数据,特别适用于需要在子窗体关闭时向父窗体传递数据的情况。

示例代码

// 父窗体
public partial class ParentForm : Form
{
    private void btnOpenChild_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        ChildForm childForm = new ChildForm();
        childForm.DataSent += ChildForm_DataSent;
        childForm.Show();
    }

    private void ChildForm_DataSent(object sender, string data)
    {
        lblReceivedData.Text = "Received: " + data;
    }
}

// 子窗体
public partial class ChildForm : Form
{
    public event EventHandler<string> DataSent;

    public ChildForm()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    private void btnSendData_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        string data = txtData.Text;
        DataSent?.Invoke(this, data);
        this.Close();
    }
}

注意：这里用Action一样的

接口传值

使用接口可以实现更灵活的数据传递,特别是在处理复杂数据结构时。

示例代码

// 定义接口
public interface IDataReceiver
{
    void ReceiveData(string data);
}

// 父窗体
public partial class ParentForm : Form, IDataReceiver
{
    private void btnOpenChild_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        ChildForm childForm = new ChildForm(this);
        childForm.Show();
    }

    public void ReceiveData(string data)
    {
        lblReceivedData.Text = "Received: " + data;
    }
}

// 子窗体
public partial class ChildForm : Form
{
    private IDataReceiver _dataReceiver;

    public ChildForm(IDataReceiver dataReceiver)
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        _dataReceiver = dataReceiver;
    }

    private void btnSendData_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        string data = txtData.Text;
        _dataReceiver.ReceiveData(data);
        this.Close();
    }
}

静态类传值

使用静态类可以在整个应用程序中共享数据,但要小心使用以避免全局状态带来的问题。

示例代码

// 静态类
public static class SharedData
{
    public static string Message { get; set; }
}

// 父窗体
public partial class ParentForm : Form
{
    private void btnOpenChild_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        SharedData.Message = "Hello from Static Class!";
        ChildForm childForm = new ChildForm();
        childForm.Show();
    }
}

// 子窗体
public partial class ChildForm : Form
{
    public ChildForm()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        lblMessage.Text = SharedData.Message;
    }
}